So I've been looking around and haven't found anything that directly lists the base sub-stat ranges for emblems. The wiki lists a 'substat base' value for emblem effects, and my guess is that the highest possible sub-stat value is 15 times that base. If anyone has real information, do please share. In the interim I'll list the 15xsubstat against the highest sub-stats I currently have on +0 or +1 emblems.

Hypothetical Max - - - My Highest

6.6 - - - Critical Rate - 6.67*
30.45 - - - Critical Multiplier - 26.43
10.05 - - - Penetration - 11.33* (outside possible range)
6 - - - Attack Speed - 4*
8.7 - - - Accuracy - 9.33* (wheredidIevenputthisemblemthisorganisationalsyste missobad)
3.6 - - - % Damage Bonus - 3.6*
45 - - - + Damage Value - 45
18.75 - - - Armor - 20* (exactly within range)
250.05 - - - HP - 200
4.05 - - - Evasion - 3.61
16.65 - - - Rotation - 9.6*
6.3 - - - Move Speed - 5.8*
1.2 - - - Range - 1.5* (way outside range so I'm probably wrong about everything)
5.7 - - - % Damage Reduction - 6.13* (very slightly outside range)

* - This value was found on a +1 emblem. I tend to +1 noteworthy emblems.

Hope this helps you triage emblems, random internet person!