General rule of thumb:
A-frame: Abilities that apply only one buff/debuff.
B-frame: Abilities that apply multiple buffs/debuffs at the same time.
C-frame: These are rare and simply need to be memorized as exceptions.
Stacking: Includes abilities that accumulate with each application. Generally mentioned in the skill description.
For specifics, consult the buffs/debuffs section of the JP wiki.